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But men do dominate women, according to Pamela Fishman… Pamela Fishman-questions are attributes of interaction - shows power - not insecurity and hesitancy as Lakoff suggests. Click here to research Pamela Fishman's response to Robin Lakoff's Deficit Model, and Jenny Cheshire's study, and make notes. lion, priest. Dominance model - Zimmerman and West (1975) This is the theory that in mixed-sex conversations men are more likely to interrupt than women. Again, this study was conducted in 1975 on a small sample of conversations, which were undertaken at the University of California. The first is associated with Dale Spender, Pamela Fishman, Don Zimmerman and Candace West, while the second is associated with Deborah Tannen. Marked terms: the form PAMELA M. FISHMAN University of California, Santa Barbara The paper examines male-female hierarchy in everyday interaction. Marked/Unmarked Terms – Unmarked form: the nor-mal/neutral form of a word. Pamela Fishman – women used four mes as many yes/no tag quesons as men not because they are uncertain and tentave but because they are trying to keep the conversaon going. Dale Spender, Pamela Fishman, Don Zimmerman and Candace West Dominance Theory The dominance theory is that men are more likely to interrupt than women when engaged in mixed-sex conversation. Beginning with a discussion of the concepts of power and of conversation as negotiated activity, it suggests that successful interaction depends on … Males and… ... , suggesting that it might not just be gender that is a factor here. The oppression of women in society is an issue of growing concern, both in academic fields and everyday life. A big advocate of this approach is Deborah Tannen. Abstract. It uses a fairly old study of a small sample of conversations). Despite research on the historical and economic basis of women’s position, we know little about how hierarchy is routinely established and maintained. Five out of six participants attended graduate school and all of the participants were either feminists or interested in the women’s movement. Pamela Fishman’s Theory Pamela Fishman conducted an experiment which involved listening to 52 hours of pre-recorded conversations between young American couples. She analysed several hours of the conversation of the 3 white, American, middle-class heterosexual couples & catergorised the variation between men & women across 4 main features of interaction. She found that women asked the vast majority of questions: 263 out of a total of 370. Most unmarked forms are considered male: i.e. Pamela Fishman's theory contributed to the Dominance Model ( - This is the theory that in mixed-sex conversations men are more likely to interrupt than women. Women ask questions to try to get a response from men, not because of The Difference Theory (1990) As the title indicates, the difference theory is the idea that males and females really do converse differently. She believes the difference starts in childhood, where parents use more words about feelings to girls and use more verbs to boys. Deborah Cameron -recognises women often challenge others-disagrees with Lakoff that women keep a low profile in conversation There is space in your booklet to do this. argues in Interaction: the Work Women Do (1983) that conversation between the sexes sometimes fails, not because of anything inherent in the way women talk, but because of how men respond, or don't respond. How did Pamela Fishman conduct her research? James Thurber, whose cartoons depicted huge women browbeating tiny men, would have disagreed. Pamela Fishman taped daily conversations of three young American couples (fifty-two hours of speech).

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